1. Lightning

Lightning is one of the top hazards that one may encounter while on a hiking trip in a thunderstorm. When positive and negative charges in clouds gain enough energy they can form a large spark that wants to reach the ground as quick as possible.

This poses a threat to hikers because many trails are located in remote places with little to no shelter. Large surrounding trees pose an even greater risk of being hit by lightning as taller objects are more likely to be hit. If you are ever caught in a lightning storm be sure to lay low and try to seek shelter inside or low and away from tall objects if possible. But above all, before you go be sure to plan ahead and check the local weather radar or forecast to avoid any predictable weather.

2. Extreme Temperatures

Hiking can be a strenuous physical activity and temperature plays a critical role in the experience and enjoyment of your hike. In the winter or at high altitudes, cold or even freezing temperatures from snow or cold winds contribute to many different types of weather. Mountain valleys and treed areas are best suited to protect you from extreme winds that may lead to hypothermia. Hypothermia occurs when the body's temperature rapidly decreases and is unable to heat up at a healthy rate and hikers are exposed to these types of hazards.

On the flip side, when there is little shade from the beating sun, hyperthermia is the opposite effect and heat stroke can occur when hiking in hot desolate areas such as the prairies or desert. Water is lost as sweat and a lack of cloud cover and precipitation makes for a dry hot climate. Dehydration and sunburn are also things that may be accompanied by lack of clouds or wind to protect from these warm conditions.

With these hazards in mind, making sure to dress appropriately and bringing adequate water and having some knowledge of the area you are hiking will greatly minimize the risk of health effects. Keep in mind the daily high and low temperatures by checking before you go.

3. Flowing Creeks and Rivers

During the springtime and summer, creeks and rivers tend to flow higher and also much faster due to the snow melting off mountains and episodes of torrential downpour that can occur unexpectedly in some climates. Riverside trails may become jeopardized when high tides and rapids cut into or overflow onto pathways and it is important to be aware of any rivers or creeks that you may encounter on your hike and determine whether it is safe to hike considering the weather and water levels.

4. Avalanche and Visibility

Whether it be freshly fallen or month old snow, snow poses a risk to hikers. Snowstorms are often classified by heavy persistent snowfall and sometimes frequent or sustained winds over 35 mph.  Heavy snow can cause limited visibility and makes it very difficult for hikers to see properly, or orient themselves in remote areas. In addition to causing poor visibility, the snowpack conditions may vary and there may be a risk for avalanche or hidden cliffs if someone is not careful.

Make sure to research the conditions of your trail and any potential or worsening storms that you may encounter to ensure it is safe to travel through.