We are traversing similar terrains as winter sports when hiking. Due to this, ideal hiking conditions are also relatively similar to ideal skiing conditions. High pressure systems, known to produce clear skies with slight winds, are ideal for hiking. Listed below are some hazards to consider. 

1. Winds

Strong winds can be very hazardous when hiking. They pick up debris from the ground obscuring visibility, for example in instances of blowing snow where precipitation from the ground is lifted up obscuring vision. With the strong winds and any possible debris it would be difficult to keep your eyes open to ensure you are walking in the right direction.

Strong winds can also cause wind chill. In colder climates this can pose a serious risk to the wellbeing of individuals. Wind can make temperatures feel colder than they are, increasing the probability of hypothermia or frostbite. 

If winds are strong enough it would be difficult to hike against/ towards the direction of the wind. Many of us have experienced this during windier weeks in Vancouver. Depending on the location of the trail, these issues may be exacerbated. You may be exerting more energy than normal required to stay on track or may be completely blown off course. 

It is best to avoid hiking in moderate to high winds. In case this is not possible, how you prep for the hike is crucial ( Prep for windy weather ). Since wind chills are a serious concern, wearing clothes that conserve the most body heat is crucial. In case you are blown off course maps, compasses, and GPS systems should be utilized. Hiking poles help with stabilizing the hiker in strong gusts and should be prepared for the hike.

Source: https://fineartamerica.com/featured/two-hikers-battling-strong-wind-christopher-kimmel.htmlLinks to an external site.

2. Visibility 

Visibility is one of the most important factors to consider in all outdoor sports. Fogs and cloud covers at your elevation can dramatically reduce your vertical and horizontal  visibilities when hiking. This may result in complete whiteout conditions making it impossible to navigate through terrain. 

Whiteout conditions can be due to an approaching warm front that lowers the cloud base to your elevation or due to cold air pooling into valleys during the night.

Alway familiarize yourself with the trail before a trip such as memorizing land markers. Make sure you have a reliable GPS device you are comfortable using. It is also best to learn how to use a compass and a map in cases where GPS devices fail (Navigating Whiteouts).

Source: https://www.myopencountry.com/whiteout-fog-darkness-how-to-navigate-low-visibility/Links to an external site.

3. Precipitation

A. Rain 

• Rain can impact trails, making them slippery and overall dangerous to trek across. 
• Thunderstorms bring with them the probability of flash floods and flooding creeks that pose additional dangers during a hike. 
• Rain can also intensify the effects of cooler/colder weather. Hypothermia would be a serious concern in case you are caught in a downpour.
• Depending on the amount of rain, visibility may be obscured.
• Consulting the forecast before a hike is the first step in ensuring your safety. This will determine if the hike should take place or not. Thunderstorms should be avoided. Prepping for the weather conditions prediction is the second step ( Rain, Hiking ). 
  • In wet conditions the most important goal is to stay as dry as possible. This will depend on your clothing. Make sure you pack rain wear. If rain is in the forecast avoid wearing cotton. Rain boots are also a must.
  • Hiking poles will stabilize you in slippery conditions. 
  • A good understanding of GPS systems or maps and compasses is crucial in navigating a low visibility environment. In case of rain these materials should be able to withstand water or should have waterproof covering.

source: https://bearfoottheory.com/5-tips-for-hiking-in-the-rain 

B. Snow ( Snow, Hiking ). 

• Hiking in snow can be a different experience compared to traditional hikes. Those who have never hiked in the winter are suggested to stick to group hikes and areas they are familiar with. 
• Active and heavy snowfall impacts visibility and combined with other weather conditions, such as wind, will actively put you at risk of hypothermia or frostbite.
• Flat line may also be a concern in heavily snow-covered areas. 
• It is suggested that in winter conditions, weather should be observed a week in advance to confirm if the hike will take place and then an additional 48 hours before the hike to properly prep.
• Other than proper clothing and footwear, eye protection should also be considered.
• SFP should also be worn to protect yourself from the strong sun rays reflected off the snow. 

5. Warm/ Hot weather ( High Temperature, Hiking ).

There are several health concerns associated with high temperatures: 

1. Sunburn: Wear protective clothing and sunscreen to exposed skin. Sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher should be used for hikes that are longer than two hours and should also be reapplied every hour or so.  
2. Dehydration: Adequate amount of water should be packed for the hike. Sufficient water intake will depend on the intensity of the hike and the daily temperature. 
3. Heat exhaustion: Occurs at lengthy exposure to high temperature. Symptoms such as nausea, headaches, a rapid pulse, and dizziness are a sign of heat exhaustion. It is imperative to get out of heat, rehydrate and cool off. 
4. Heat stroke: Overheating of the body. Symptoms are similar to heat exhaustion. In order to distinguish between the two, observe if the person is showcasing confusion, disorientation or anxiety. Check the body temperature if possible, if it is higher than 104 degrees Fahrenheit, the person is likely experiencing heat stroke. In the best case scenario they would be evacuated as soon as possible to prevent internal organ damage. 
5. Heat cramps: Muscle contractions due to high heat, usually signify that your body is at a limit. Slow down, cool off and hydrate. 

Source: https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/hot-weather-hiking.html